Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican-born activist who is widely considered as the father of modern black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism. He became an important figure in the early twentieth upon founding the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in 1914, which sought to unite all people of African descent and promote cultural pride, self-defense, and economic independence. Garvey’s movement, which attracted members from over twenty countries and possibly hundreds of thousands of members, was one of the most influential movements to have shaped African American life and thought. Although the headquarters of the UNIA was in New York, Garvey’s reach was international. As he built up the UNIA, he gave speeches around the United States and he established a newspaper, the Negro World, which was extremely popular among black people throughout the Americas and Africa. UNIA chapters grew rapidly in nearly every location touched by Garvey’s movement, which led to the establishment of multiple collective economic programs and self-defense programs. The achievements of the UNIA would leave a long-lasting impact on the cultural memories of Africans and African-descended people on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.

12 Major Pre-1935 Figures in African-American Muslim History

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