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Ballet is a form of classical dance with a history spanning over six centuries, originating in Renaissance Italy as a form of grandiose court entertainment used to celebrate events like weddings and birthdays.1 Over time, ballet costuming has markedly changed alongside popular fashion and dance techniques. The modern classical ballet’s first recognizable roots can be seen during the Baroque period, when French courts used dance as a form of social control to reduce strife among nobility (for whom the ballet was an important social venue) and build national prestige.2 First danced by aristocrats, ballet soon transitioned into a legitimate profession, setting up the framework that enabled its journey to the present.3 Ballet’s more acrobatic techniques, such as leaps and lifts, were unable to truly flourish until the French Revolution, when fashion became less heavy and restrictive.4 Within the following decades came the advent of Romanticism, an artistic movement in which the values of emotion and individualism were highlighted in opposition to the rationalism of the previous era.5 Though prior to this time men had been the most successful ballet dancers, typically less restricted by their clothing than their female counterparts, the Romantic period saw the rise of the ballerina.6 Ballets of this era were heavily inspired by medieval aesthetics, and beautifully disguised satanic creatures were often used as important plot devices.7 To evoke the otherworldly, ballerinas wore traditional white costumes in a style that came to be known as ballet blanc, sometimes juxtaposed with the realism of rustic settings and fashion to excite Romantic audiences&apos; fascination with the occult.8 As ballet’s popularity declined in Western Europe, Russia took its place as the global hub of ballet.9 Popular Russian theatrical taste favored virtuosic dance technique over the pronounced beauty and grace of Western European ballet, and vast improvements in technical skill and costuming occurred during this time as a result.10 One of the most significant changes that occurred during this period was the emergence of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky as a composer of ballets. Already a successful composer of orchestral and operatic works prior to writing The Sleeping Beauty in 1889, Tchaikovsky’s beautiful and richly orchestrated music forced dancers to move with a fullness and subtlety that no composer had ever inspired before.11 Moving forward, ballets tended to be choreographed around music by legitimate modern composers rather than those who wrote exclusively for the ballet.12 The effort to make this change was spearheaded by one of the most important dance companies in history: the Ballets Russes. Led by Sergei Diaghilev, the Ballets Russes brought about the reawakening of ballet as a legitimate art form in the West.13 The Ballets Russes produced ballets that were founded on realism and naturalism, incorporating the aesthetics of the periods and places being portrayed into the ballet as a whole.14 This meant that dancers often wore specific cultural clothing rather than traditional ballet costumes to create cohesiveness on stage. While classical costuming still has its place today, modern ballet&apos;s aesthetics largely continue to be period appropriate as a result of this group’s brief but vast influence. Following the formation of the Soviet Union, ballet came to thrive in England and the United States. The American tradition of modern dance has hugely impacted the development of ballet within the United States, and many contemporary ballets combine elements of both kinds of dance to express modern themes.15 Notably, many contemporary ballets incorporate the costuming of modern dance into their visual aesthetics, clothing dancers in leotards or unitards.16 Using prints, paintings, lithographs, and photographs, this exhibit showcases the relationship between ballet costuming and the wider societal contexts in which it changed over time.

Ballet Costuming

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ArcGIS <link>StoryMaps</link> is the professional version of StoryMaps and is available as part of <link2>ArcGIS Online</link2>. Both products share similar storytelling capabilities, so if you are familiar with StoryMaps, you'll feel right at home with ArcGIS StoryMaps. Visit the <link3>retirement page</link3> for a detailed comparison between StoryMaps and ArcGIS StoryMaps.

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Both of these options include access to ArcGIS StoryMaps and the other ArcGIS Online apps and capabilities. Please note that there is a price difference between the two options that you will need to pay if you want to keep your account active when your free subscription expires. See the FAQs on the <link>StoryMaps.com retirement page</link> for more information about these subscription options.

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