Introduction:&nbsp;The opening of new shipping routes and the development of cartographic technology promoted the process of trade globalization. Driven by huge economic interests, Britain, to obtain a stable supply of high-quality raw materials, as well as low-cost labor and consumer markets, constantly expanded outward in search of new raw materials and overseas markets to obtain more wealth to satisfy its ambitions. In this process, cartography played a great role in Britain's selection of foreign colonies to carry out colonial rule. In cartography, one could see where there were plains and mountains in different parts of the world, where there were vast coastlines for the transportation of goods, where there were sufficient freshwater resources for cultivation, and so on. Accurate graphic representations could help colonizers understand more accurately the basic information of the colonized territories to better utilize the advantages of the colonized territories and thus more accurately position the direction of subsequent trade development. For the colonized, the colonizers brought more new technology and culture but also brought oppression and fear. During the period of being colonized and oppressed, with the change of time, the colonies themselves also developed, and finally realized independence from colonial rule through resistance. Taking British colonial India as an example, this paper combines the development of cartography and the change of maps between the colonizer and the colonized to study the development of India and the change of power driven by the background of British colonial rule and the evolution of cartographic technology.

The impact of cartography on colonial expansion, 

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Continue storytelling with ArcGIS StoryMaps and keep your content. Request that Esri migrate your account to ArcGIS Online by May 31, 2025, and complete migration by June 30, 2025.

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After one year, you will need to purchase an ArcGIS Online subscription to continue using ArcGIS StoryMaps. Check out the StoryMaps <link>retirement page</link> for more information on the ArcGIS Online subscription options.

ArcGIS <link>StoryMaps</link> is the professional version of StoryMaps and is available as part of <link2>ArcGIS Online</link2>. Both products share similar storytelling capabilities, so if you are familiar with StoryMaps, you'll feel right at home with ArcGIS StoryMaps. Visit the <link3>retirement page</link3> for a detailed comparison between StoryMaps and ArcGIS StoryMaps.

If you do not migrate your account to ArcGIS Online, you can save any content you would like to keep before the June 30, 2025, retirement date. The options for saving content include saving stories as a PDF and saving frames using a screen recording. 

Esri is retiring StoryMaps. On June 30, 2025, StoryMaps will go offline, and StoryMaps content will not be available to edit or view. For more information, please visit the <link>StoryMaps retirement page.</link>

Introducing ArcGIS StoryMaps and ArcGIS Online: <link>AGSM Introduction video</link>

You are invited to migrate your account and content to ArcGIS Online where you can continue storytelling with maps. With ArcGIS Online, you’ll get access to ArcGIS StoryMaps and the easy-to-use story builder you are familiar with, plus so much more!

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Both of these options include access to ArcGIS StoryMaps and the other ArcGIS Online apps and capabilities. Please note that there is a price difference between the two options that you will need to pay if you want to keep your account active when your free subscription expires. See the FAQs on the <link>StoryMaps.com retirement page</link> for more information about these subscription options.

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